All About Your Car's Different Oils

Your car has many different oils; engine oil, transmission oil, power steering oil etc.  These oils are different.  While many people think auto manufacturers are dumb, which they might be, they are not stupid.  They would not stock different oils if two or more were the same.  The oils are different because they do different jobs, and they are exposed to different environments.  For example, engine oil is exposed to the high temperatures from the engine, while power steering fluid is not exposed to those conditions, so it doesn’t get nearly as hot as engine oil. 

Years ago I was told you could use transmission oil instead of power steering fluid.  If you were stuck on the side of the road, and you needed power steering fluid, you could use transmission fluid to continue your trip, but you’ll need to flush the power steering system as soon as possible.  If you were to run your power steering fluid with transmission oil, you would ruin the power steering components. 

There are many different types of transmission oils.  If you had to, you could use the wrong type of oil to get to the nearest auto repair shop.  Once there, you’ll need to flush the transmission, and then add the proper transmission oil.

Years ago I had a Honda which wouldn’t properly shift gears.  My transmission rebuilder said that was a common problem if the wrong transmission fluid was used.  He said he has fixed many Hondas which had this problem by just using the proper oil. 

There are many different viscosity oils on the market.  In a pinch you could add the wrong viscosity oil, but once again, as soon as possible you should do an oil change.   If you car uses synthetic oil, you should never used regular oil, but if your car uses regular oil you will not do any harm using synthetic oil.  More on this later. 

Of all the oils, the brake fluid is the one which deserves the most respect.  You cannot add anything but brake fluid to the brake fluid system.  NONE!  If you add the wrong fluid to the brake system you can ruin all the rubber seals in the brake system.  That means you will need to replace the brake calipers, master cylinder and the ABS system.  This will cost you over $1000.00.  It is so important I’m going to repeat myself.  Never, EVER, under any circumstances add anything but brake fluid to the brake system.

More on these oils next week.

How Does My Engine Work?

A car’s engine is a mechanical marvel.  Every time we have to replace a head gasket I get to see some of the insides or an engine, and I’m always impressed.  The type of engine you have in your car was developed over 100 years ago.  The basic principles apply which applied then, apply to today.    However, the application of these principles has significantly increased for the better.  Better gas mileage, more power, and less polluting.

An engine converts heat energy, created from burning air and gasoline, into mechanical energy (used to move your car). The car has a piston which moves up and down in the engine, and valves which open and close.  It is a well choreographed machine which produces a lot of power.  A piston goes up and down four times in order to produce one stroke of power.  I could start the explanation anywhere along the path of the piston.  I decided to start with the intake stroke. 

Intake Stroke:  This stroke starts with the piston at the top of its stroke.  The intake valve opens as the piston starts to move from the top of its stroke to the bottom of its stroke.  As the piston moves downward, it pulls in air and fuel.  At the bottom of the stroke the intake valve closes.

Compression Stroke: With both valves closed, the piston moves up the cylinder compressing the air and fuel.  Most cars have an 8 to 1 compression ratio.  That means at the top of the stroke the air-fuel mixture is one-eight its original size.  On a side note, as the piston compresses the air and fuel the temperature of the mixture increases.

Power Stroke:  At the top of the compression stroke, with both valves closed, an electrical spark jumps the spark plug gap igniting the air and fuel.  As the mixture burns, pressure builds up inside the cylinder.  This pressure, which pushes the piston downward, creates the power to move your car.  This is where heat energy is converted into mechanical energy.

Exhaust Stroke:  When the piston is at the bottom of the cylinder the exhaust valve opens.  As the piston moves up the cylinder it pushed the hot exhaust gases out of the engine.  When the piston is at the top of its stroke, the exhaust valve closes and the intake valve opens.  And the cycle starts again.

This is called a “4 Stroke” engine because it takes 4 strokes to produce one power stroke.  A 4 cylinder engine produces one power stroke per one complete revolution.  While one piston is in the “Power Stroke” the other four engines are in one of the other three strokes.  With an 8 cylinder engine, two cylinders produce power with each complete revolution.  This is why, everything else being equal, the more cylinders you have the more powerful the engine. 

How YOU Can Save 70 Center Per Gallon of Gas....

Last week I wrote about keeping your tires properly inflated- generally 40 psi.  If you missed that article you can find it in my blog at Chicagoautorepair.blogspot.com

This week I have a system that will save you even more money, and you don’t have to buy any tools. 

How far would you drive to save 70 cents per gallon of gas?  How much time would you be willing give up to save 70 cents per gallon? 

If you are like most people, you’d be willing to spend a few minutes, at least, to save 70 cents per gallon of gasoline.

Here’s the trick…..  SLOW DOWN

When I drive to /from work, I set my cruise control to 55 mph, and it seems as if 99% of the other drivers pass me. 

Years ago my Plymouth Acclaim had a gas mileage gauge.  It proved what I have read for years.   Every 5 mph increase over 55 mph decreases gas mileage by 10%. 

If you decrease your speed from 70 mph to 60 mph you increase your gas mileage by 20%!  At $3.50 per gallon that translates into 70 cents savings per gallon of gas. 

I know what you are thinking.  Driving fast is fun, and you get home sooner.  All true. However, you may get home sooner if you drive fast, but you then spend more time (and money) filling up your car.  If you slow down, you save time by filling up less often, and you save money. 

How Would You to Easily Save Over 30 Cents Per Gallon of Gas?

     If you see two gas stations selling the same brand of gas, and one is 5 cents cheaper than the other, which station do you use?

     Obviously the less expensive gas station. We naturally gravitate to, compelled to, DNA driven to use the less expensive gas station. Here's the oddity of the situation.   If we fill up with 15 gallons of gas, savings 5 cents per gallon, we saved a whopping 75 cents! Less than the price of a cup of coffee.

     I wonder why we are not as concerned with improving our gas mileage as we are with paying less for gas. If you improved your gas mileage by just 5%, at $3.60 per gallon of gas, you would save 18 cents per gallon. Improving gas mileage saves much more money than paying 2 or 3 cents less per gallon of gas.

     My own opinion is that we see and feel the money leaving our wallets when we fill up our cars, but we don't see the needle on the gas gauge move less slowly when we improve our car's mileage.

           Then next few post will give you methods to improve your gas mileage.

First method to increase your gas mileage:

Properly inflate your tires.

     Years ago tires were inflated to 32psi. I still see cars with their tires inflated to 32 psi.

That is an old standard. The new standard is 40 psi. Properly inflated tires can increase gas mileage by up to 10%. That's huge!

     Also, underinflated tires prematurely wear out.

     With my oil changes, we check your tire pressures, and add air as needed. Between oil changes, you can easily check your tire pressures, but you need to have a tire pressure gauge. They can be purchased from most drug stores, and auto supply stores.

     If you have a tire pressure gauge, and it doesn't seem to work, drop by and I'll show you how to use it. You'll be an expert in 5 to 10 minutes.

     By properly inflating your tires, you improve your gas mileage, and decrease the wear on your tires.

     Heck, you could even check your tires while you are getting gas.

Exhaust System

I’m often asked how much it costs to replace or repair a muffler.  Not the easiest question to answer especially if the customer thinks the muffler is bad solely based on a loud exhaust.

We have all heard cars with broken exhaust systems.  Thy are obnoxiously loud! 

If you car is loud, it means one of the exhaust components are bad/broken.  A typical exhaust system has an exhaust manifold, exhaust pipes, catalytic converter, muffler and a tail pipe.  Typically but NOT all cars are like this.  Some cars have two mufflers, or the muffler and the tail pipe are one piece.  Some cars have a catalytic converter which is also the exhaust manifold, and some cars have two or four catalytic converters. 

The exhaust system is designed to quiet the car and to vent the engine’s exhaust fumes away from the occupants in the car.  If your exhaust system is broken, the car is obviously louder than is should be, but the exhaust fumes may vent into the car.  These fumes stink, and they are toxic. 

Most exhaust problems are caused by rust.  Rust east away and weakens metal exhaust parts.   This causes one or two problems.  Rust creates a hole in an exhaust part, or it can cause two parts to separate.    If there is a hole/separation in front of the muffler the car is louder than normal.  If there is a hole/separation behind the muffler, the car sounds normal, but you may be getting exhaust fumes inside the car. 

There are three reasons I hesitate giving a price on the phone to repair an exhaust system. 

1.        I don’t know if the part the customer wants replaced it truly the problem with the car.  I’m often asked how much it costs to replace the muffler when in fact, the muffler is good- another exhaust part has failed causing the car to be louder than normal.

2.       I need to see if I can replace just the bad part.  The part in front or behind the bad part can be so rusted that it will break it while removing the bad part. 

3.       While I can view a drawing of your exhaust system on my comput, it doesn’t always mesh with what is on your car.  At times my drawing shows two separate parts, but the car was manufactured with those two parts welded together.  Other times the “Muffler 4 Less” type of shop welded parts together.  Since I cannot un-weld parts, I need to replace both parts.  Welding is done because it is fast.  Bolting takes slightly more time, costs the same as welding: however, in the long run it will save you money. 

There are no maintenance requirements for your exhaust system.  There is nothing you can do to keep it from rusting, nor is there anything you can do to make it rust faster.  As long as Chicago uses salt in the winter, your exhaust parts will rust. 

Steering Systems Part 2

Cars use a manual steering system or a power steering system.  Manual steering systems do not have a power steering pump.  When you turn the steering wheel, you directly turn the wheels. 

With a power steering system, the power steering pump assists in turning the wheels.  If the power steering pump system fails, you can turn the wheels, but it is hard to do so.

A belt turns the power steering pump.  The power steering pump sends power steering fluid to the rack and pinion, or the gear box. If the belt breaks, or the pump does not work, it becomes hard to turn the steering wheel.

In most cases, the belt which turns the power steering pump also turns other devices such as the alternator, water pump, a/c compressor etc. A belt fails for two reasons.  One, it can break.  Two it can fall off the pulleys.  If either of these two things happen, the power steering system stops working.  As I said, you can still steer your car, but it becomes hard to turn the steering wheel.

 If there is a leak in the power steering system, once you run out of power steering fluid, the power steering system stops working.  You can still steer your car, but as I said, it becomes hard to turn the steering wheel.

Steering Systems - Part One

Vehicle manufacturers use two types of steering systems.  A parallelogram system, and ‘rack and pinion’ system.  Rack and Pinion (R&P) systems have fewer parts than a parallelogram system.  R R&P has two outer tie rods, two inner tie rods, and center section, which is called the “Rack and Pinion.”

A Parallelogram system has two outer tie rods, two inner tie rods, two connecting sleeves, one or two idler arms, one center link, one pitman arm, and a gear box. 

Since a R&P system has fewer parts, there are less parts to wear out, and it takes up less space under the car.  This has become important as manufacturers make  cars smaller and there is less space for steering components.  Similarly, as car have been made smaller, manufacturers have done away with “springs and shocks” in favor of struts.  Struts have fewer parts, and takes up less space than a ‘shock absorber/spring suspension system.

Above is a picture of a Rack and Pinion system.  The ends are the outer tie rods.  The Center section is the Rack and pinion, and the straight metal rods coming out of the black bellows are the inner tie rods.

This drawing shows all the parts but the gear box.

When you go for an oil change and hear the words “Lube job, “ this refers to lubing the steering components.  Years ago, with a parallelogram steering, we’d lube about seven places- outer tie rods, inner tie rods, center links, and the idler arm.   With a R&P system there were only two places to lube – the outer tie rods. Most cars made in the last ten years come with ‘Sealed’ outer tie rods.  This means the outer tie rods never need to be lubed.  With R&P steering, the inner tie rods cannot be greased, and the outer tie rods are only greased if they are not sealed. 

I don’t think the parts in the parallelogram steering system were made to last the life of the car, then again, very few cars made in the 70’s or older, ever lasted over 100,000 miles.  Today, that has changed.  Cars made in the 90’s and later will easily run over 100,000 miles.  Most cars made since the 90’s will last over 200,000 if they are properly maintained.

I have a 1993 Buick Park Avenue with over 260,000 miles and it runs without any problems.  I have never replaced the engine or transmission, or any other major component.  I do normal maintenance and the car keeps on running.  Rack and Pinion systems last a very long time. 

The outer tie rods, at some point need to be replaced, but the inner tie rods and the rack and pinion rarely go bad.  When they go bad, they usually leak power steering fluid.  If your rack and pinion as a very small leak, I normally suggest that you just add more fluid.  If the leak is a continuous dripping or greater, then you will need to replace the rack and pinion. 

After replacing any steering component, you’ll need to do an alignment inspection.  Our alignment system is accurate to 1/100 of a degree.  The only way to know if the alignment is good, after a steering component is installed, is to do an alignment inspection